Expanding reaming or cutting tool



May 19, r1931- s. 1 CAMPBELL ET A1. 1,805,806

y' EXPANDING REAMING OR CUTTING TOOL Filed March 7. 1950 5 Sheets-Sheet l May 19, 1931. s. L. CAMPBELL ET AL. f 1,805,305

EXPANDING RE'MING 0R CUTTING' TOOL Filed March 7. 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 May l9, 1931. s. L.. CAMPBELL ET Al. 1,805,805

Patenteda May 1,9,l 1931 .A

STEWART L. CAMPBELL, or BERKELEY, 'AND JOHNy GRANT, yor' Los ANGELES, GALL PATE Ferca ronnie.; SAID; oAMPBELLfAssIGNon To sans GRANT EXPANDING REAMINGVGR CUTTING Toon` Application ,med Marh 7,

This invention has todo with expanding cutting tools, such'as expansive reamers fork wells. The invention, however,-isfapplica ble to other uses, such'aspipe'cutting, andwill be explained in detailed andiillustrative designs as applied to bot-h expansive reaming and to internal pipecutting. e'

A general object of theinventionv; is the provision of an expansive tool, ,simple and to strong in design, and whichis expanded byA rotation in one direction and contracted byy relative rotation of the partsin the opposite direction. In its major features, the tool embodies a centralmandrel upon which a plurality of cutter-carrying` eccentricsare mounted, each-eccentric being relatively y( to anotherl eccentric)v rotatable' within certain limits., '.The' limits of relative rotation are set by stops which interact betweenV adjacent relatively rotatable eccentrics; so that the second eccentric in a seriesphasa certain angular rotationv with* referencev tov the first eccentric of a series; and the third leccentric ofa series has also a certain relativeangular movement with relation to `the vsecond of the series. Thus the last eccentricof a series can havea considerable rotationv with reference to the first, while at the same time the limiting stops, which are of course lim- So ited in angularextent to the difference be# tween 360,o and the relative angular rotation between any two adjacent leccentrics, may be made heavy andstrong.` And with such a structure the several eccentrics ofv a series, being relatively .rotatable throughV comparatively large angles, can be thrown to any desiredangular relationship, such for instance that cutters carried bythe eccentrics may be put in eiiicient angular relationships for reaming, or such as that the pipe cutters and the associatedback-bearing elements maybeput in proper relationships to perform efficient pipe cutting. rI hese features, and others, of the invention will be kbest understood Vfrom the following' detailed and specificdescription of-illustrative embodiments of the invention ,shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:

50 Figure 1 is a longitudinalcentral section 1930. i. Serial N'o. 434,034.

of our invention in the form of an expansive reamer, in contracted position;

y Fig. 21s Va similar View showingtheex-` panded position; Y

Fig. 3 1s a cross-sectionfon line 3-3 of" Fig. 1

Fig. 4 is a corresponding cross-section on line 4 4 of Fig. 2; n .Y

line 6-6 of Fig. 2;( Y

F1g.6 is a corresponding cross-sectionfon ,Fig 7l is a cross sectionfonline 7-7 ,off

Fig-'l5 y; Fig. 8 is a corresponding expanded crossf section on lined-f8 of Fig. 2

Fig. V9 is, a' central vertical Y ing our invention applied as a pipe cutter, in the expanded. position; l g e Fig. 1.0 is a cross-section on line 10-110 of Fig..9; and I Y .Y

Fig. 11 isa cross-section on line 11-11 of Fig. y9but showingthe parts in contracted position.

Referring lirst to in form, and having at .its upperV end an eccentric 11 which may be considered affixed to or as a fixed part of the mandrel 10. In fact the lower cylindric portion of.

the 'mandrel and eccentric. 11 may bemade as an integral piece; and this-same `mandrel has at'its upperA end a tool joint member 14 for connection with a rotating drill pipe.

rotatablev eccentrics hereinafter to be ldef.v

scribed, may carry the ultimate cutting ele-y ments or members in other manners. yFor Figs. 1 to 8,*a suitable internal mandrel 10 is illustrated, cylindric section show- Y instance, if it not be desired to utilize roller cutters, or roller cutters of large diameter, then the cutting teeth 13, or their equivalents, may be non-rotatably carried by the eccentrics. This situation may be easily visualized merely by supposing annulus 12, instead of being rotatably mounted on eccentric 11 as a bearing, to be tightly fitted upon eccentric 11 so as to become functionally a part of the eccentric. Then cutting teeth 13 will rotate with the eccentric and with the rotation of the whole tool. And it will Abe readily understood how other forms of ultimate cutting elements may be substituted for cutting teeth 13, either to revolve about the eccentric as a bearing or to rotate with the eccentric and with the whole tool. For instance in Figs. 7 and 8, which show the lowermost eccentric and cutter, we have shown small roller cutters 15 mounted on vertical axes 16 in the annulus 12b, which annulus may be either rotatable upon its eccentric or rotatively iiXed thereon.

Uppermost eccentric 11 has a circular stop receiving recess 20 extending up into it from its lower surface. This circular recess 20, in the specific formation being herein set forth,

. is not of fully circular extent. A convenp so ient manner of forming this recess is yiirst to cut upwardly into eccentric 11 a complete circular recess around the cylindric mandrel 10, and concentric with the mandrel and with its center C, and then to ll up this re-v cess, to the angular extent of 120C?, withl a filler block 21, which may be welded or otherwise secured in place. With a filler block so inserted, and virtually forming an integral part of the body of eccentric 11, the circular recess 20 becomes one of 2i0O angular extent, ending at the stop shoulders 22 and 23.

Into the 2400 recess 20 of the upper eccentric 11, a stop lug 25 extends upwardly from the next eccentric 26 of the series, the stop lug being formed integrally with eccentric 26, as is plainly shown in Fig. 1. This stop lug 25 is, in this particular embodiment of the invention, also of 120O angular eX- tent; so that its limit of angular motion in recess 20, and therefore the limit of angular motionof the second eccentric 26 with relation to the first eccentric 11, is 120. Y

The second eccentric 26, like the first eccentric 11, may carry a cutter or cutters of any desired type. The annulus 12a is illustrated, which may be like the annulus 12 as hereinbefore described and explained. This second eccentric 26 has rotational bearing throughout most its length, as indicated at 27, upon the cylindric mandrel 10. In its lower part it has a circular recess 20er like the recess 20 hereinbe'fore described, whichmay be` formed in the same manner, with the filler block 21a forming the end shoulder surfaces 22a and 23a of the stop receiving recess 20a which, like the one before described, is in this particular embodiment of the invention also of 240o angular extent. In the contracted position of the second eccentric 26, with its stop lug 25 in the relative position shown in Fig. 3, the center of eccentric 26 is at such a point as is indicated at C2 in Fig. 5, directly in longitudinal alinement with the center C1 of the rst eccentric 11. Consequently, in such relational position or" the two eccentrics, the cutters carried by those eccentrics will be longitudinally alined.

Below the second eccentric 26 there is shown a third cutter carrying eccentric 30 similar to the second eccentric 26; and the stop lug 25a of eccentric 30 projects up into the circular recess 20a of eccentric 26. Thus, as will readily be seen without the necessity of further detailed description, eccentric 30 has the same relative angle of rotation with reference to eccentric 26 that eccentric 26 has with relation to the iirst eccentric 11. The third eccentric 30 is shown as carrying the cutter annulus 12b which has been Ybefore referred to. Y

Although a tool of the character here described niay be formed of as many cutter carrying eccentrics as is desired, and the angular rotational relationship between the successive eccentrics of the series may be made as desired; for purposes of illustration here we have chosen to show three such cutter carrying eccentrics with lrelative angles of rotation of 120. The third and last eccentric 30, as here shown, is confined longitudinally on the mandrel, and alloi the eccentrics and cutters are held longitudinally on the mandrel, by a joint fitting 35 which is screw-threaded at 36 onto the lower end of the mandrel and which has a circular or annular extension 37 extending up into a fully circular recess 38 in the lower end oi'l the lowerinost eccentric 30; so that the lowermost eccentric 430 is not only held on the mandrel by this fitting, but this lowerinost eccentric has rotational bearing on the mandrel and also on the extension 37. T he upwardly facing shoulder 39 of fitting 35 is of suiiicient radial extent that the cutter annulus v12?) will always rest upon that shoulder for support. Similarly, the cutter annuli 12 and 12a rest upon the upper siii'- faces of the eccentrics 30 and 26 respectively.

In the normal or contracted position or' lowermost eccentric 30, its center is at the point marked C3 in Fig. 7, in longitudinal alinement with center C2 of eccentric 26 and center C1 of eccentric 11; and the stop lug A ing downl on the eccentrics), Yor by, what.

handed rotation ofthe eccentrics about thek mandrel-'will throw the second' eccentric 26raround to lthe relative position shown in' Fig. 6, when its stop lug 25 will be thrown tothe relative positionL shown in Fig. 14.

In= this position the center C2of eccentric' 26 has been thrownl around through anangle of 120, to theposition shownat C2 in Fig. 6. During this relative rotation of the secondeccentric 26, the third eccentric 30 will bel moved around with the second eccentric 26, and then continued relative rotation will movethe third eccentric on around through an additional angle of 120, or 240y in all, to the position` where rits center C3 is in the relative angular position shown in Fig. 8, and in which positionthe stop lug 25a; of eccentric 30 is in the position of Fig. G.

WVhen the three eccentrics have reached these relative angular positions, it will be seen that their offset eccentric centers Cl, C2 and @Bare equieangularly spaced around the mandrel center C; andthat therefore the several cutters carriedby the eccentrics will be projected radially .from the 'mandrel along lines orfplanes which are an'gularly spaced around thevniandrel' center. This particular equi-angular spacingL of 120 of the eccentrics and cutters inthe expanded tool is of course not a "limitation upon the invention; other angular spacings and =relative rotations may be adopted. The Vparticular angles, andrelative rotations, are illustrative only. But in any case where the cutter carrying eccentrics have been relatively rotated vfrom a position' in which all their centers are in alinement to i positions in which their centers areout of alinement, it

' will be seen that the over-alldiameterthe though thefcenters of all the eccentrics inV contracted Aposition. are offset withfrelation toi the mandrel center, itwill be seen from i an inspection ofthe drawings that, when the enlarged mandrel head Y10a is indicated in dotted lines. y'It may preferablybe ec-V centric to the mandrel center C. In FigQ?A the relative position of the fish tailvbit 40V (which is attached to the lower fitting 35) is Aindicated inV dotted lines. The 'planeA of the mandrel center C and the eccentric centers when in their contracted positions; and,

'the maximum diameters of the cutter an'nuli being'about the same as the maximum width of bit 40, it will readily be seen'that with this relative yarrangement the effective'contracted diameter of the tool is not increased above the diameter of a cutter ring.

Although we have shown the upper eccentric 11 andreferred to it as being fixed relative to the mandrel; it will `be readily recognized that, with relation to the other eccentrics of the series, itis relativelyV ro-` tatable; and it is the relativey rotation between the several eccentrics that causes the expansive and contractive action of the tool.

So far as relative rotation between the sev-l eral eccentrics is concerned,it makes no difthis iish'tail bit is preferably at right anglesv tothe axialA plane which is determined `by ference,whether one,-or,even morethan one,

of the eccentrics is fixed to the'mandrel or not. However, it is convenient to make the uppermost eccentricfix'ed with relation to the mandreL-to form it yas part of the mandrel.

'A circulation bore '50 is extended through the mandrel and communicates with the ci rculation passage or passages 60.*of thedrill bit below. Thev main circulation bore50 mayalso have side passages 6lwhich con'- nect with passages 62 to discharge circu-` lating liquid upwardly vand outwardly under the cutters. 'p y The fact that the cutter-carrying eccentrics may be rotated through any desired relative rotationalangle, and that a strong structure may be made (the stops may be heavy) although the relative angle of rotation is large, permits our tool to be readily.

applied in anysituation wherea large rela-v tive rotation is desired. This feature may be applied to areamerto obtainrelative expanded angles of 180, with the cutters ar- .ranged opposite each other when expanded.

But, for purposes of illustration, the feature here spoken of is shown applied to a pipe cutter. In Figs. 9 and following we have shown the adaptation of the tool to internal pipe cutting. Here a mandrel 10d is illustrated carrying a relatively fixed eccentric llal at its upper end, the mandrel being adapted at its upper end for connection with a drill pipe or other rotating rod or shaft. The uppermost eccentric 110i carries the rotating annulus 12d which, in this case, vis a rotating bearing ring. The underside of eccentric 11d has the circular recess 20d into which the stop lug 25d of the next eccentric 26d projects upwardly. Eccentric 26d carries `the rotating cutter annulus 12e which, in thisl case, carries the annular pipe cutting` knife 13d. A circulation passage 50 extends down through the mandrel, con` necting with a lateral passage 51 leading out through the mandrel, to passage 52 leading through the eccentric, to a Apassage 53 in the cutter annulus which leads to the cutter; and thus lubricating luid may be ied to the cutter.

The lower end of center eccentric 26d is provided with a stop lug 256, similar in position and extent to the upper stop lug 25d and this stop lug 25e plays in a circular recess 20@ in the upper part ot lowermost eccentric lle. The circular recess 20e is, in this case, the same as recess 20d, both in extent and in relative location. The section of Fig. l represents, as regards form and position, both the upper eccentric 11d and its recess d, and also the lower eccentric 11e and its recess 20c. Fig. ll shows the lower recess and lug in the relative position opposite that shown in 9 and 10.V

It will be remembered that, in describing the specific design shown in Figs. 1, etc., we have described a lower-most eccentric which has a total relative angular movement of 24:0D because the relative angular rotations between adjacent eccentrics in that case are each 120O and both are in the same relative direction. 'It will readily be seen, however, how the relative angular rotation between adjacent eccentrics in that case could be made 180, and how,.theretore, the total rotation of the lowermost eccentric could be made 3G00. Such a total rotation of the lowermost eccentric would bring it back to a inal position exactly the same as its initial position.

In the form of tool shown in Fig. Y9, etc., it desired that two ot the eccentrics (the two which carry bearing rollers) shall, in the expanded condition of the tool, be each lo cated with their centers 180 removed from the center of the cutter carrying eccentric. From what ias been said itwill readily be seen rhow the lowerrnos't" eccentric could be made to have a total rotation of 3600, while the second or center eccentric has a total rotation ot only vi800. Such angles of rotation would throw the third or lowerinost eccentric through a whole circle of movement back to its starting point. Consequently, as another variation or" oui invention, it is possible to malte the lowermost or third eccentric iixed in position relative to the uppermost or first eccentric. This ai angement is shown in Fig. 9. Here the third or lowermost eccentric llc is shown heed, at 55, to the mandrel. It carries another bearing. annulus 12d. The whole series of eccentrics, rollers andcutters, are held on the mandrel by a collar 56 which may be in turn held on the mandrel by a nut 57.

From the inspection of Fig. l0, and from consideration of the stated fact that the lower recess 20e and the expanded position oit the lower stop lug 25e are the saine as shown in Fig. 1 0, it will be se-n that relative right handed rotation of the mandrel within the eccentric 12a will cause relative left handed rotation ot the eccentric 12d and its cutter annulus 12e to the relative position shown in Figs. 9 and l0, with the stop lugs in the illustrated end of the recess (Fig. 10). In this position, the center C2 of cutter carrying eccentric 26e is in the post tion indicated in Fig. l0. rlhe center Cl of both 'the eccentrics 11d and llc is as indicated in Fig. l0, with relation to the center C ont the mandrel, which is also indicated in Fig. l0. On 180 relative rotation ot the central eccentric QGCZ, its center C2 will be carried Jfrom the position shown in Fig. l() to a contracted position in which center C2 will be in longitudinal alineinent with center Cl, and the tool will, therefore, be contracted because all of its eccentrics, and bearing and cutter' annuli, will be in longitudinal alinement with each other.

Wre claim:

l. ln an expansive tool or" the character described, a mandrel, a plurality oi' carrier eccentrics mounted on the mandrel, at leaf-4t one of said eccentrics being rotatable' on the mandrel and rotatable with reference tothe remaining eccentrics, wall contacting ele ments carried by the several eccentrics, and stop means to limit the relative rotation between the eccentrics comprising recesses in some ot the eccentrics and stop lugs on the .others which entersaid recesses.

2. In an expansive tool of the character described, a mandrel, a plurality of carrier eccentrics mounted on the mandrel, at least one of said eccentrics being rotatable on the mandrel and rotatable with reference to the remaining eccentrics, wall contacting elements carried by the several eccentrics in the form of annuli rotatable upon the eccentries, and stop means to limit the relative rotation between the Veccentrics comprising recesses in some of the eccentrics and stop lugs 0n the others which enter said recesses.

3. In a tool of the character described, an internal central mandrel, an eccentric at the upper end of the mandrel and relatively fixed thereto, said eccentric having in its lower surface a circular recess of an angular extent less than 36Go, another eccentric rot-atively mounted upon the mandrel below the first mentioned eccentric and having an upwardly extending stop lug extending into said recess and of less angular extc than the recess; so that the stop lug and recess form a rotation limiting device acting directly between the two eccentrics, and

ion

lil() wall contactingl elements carried by the eccentrcs. v f

4. In a tool of the character described, a central longitudinal mandrel, .three eccentrics mounted on said mandrel one'above the other, the central eccentric being rotatv able about the mandrel center relative to the other two, rotation limiting means acting directly between the central eccentric and each of the other two .eccentrica and wall contacting elements carried by each of the eccentrics.

5. In a tool of the character described, a central longitudinal mandrel, three eccentrics mounted on said mandrel one above the other, the central eccentric being rotatable about the mandrel center relative tothe other two, rotation limiting means acting directly between the centraleccentric andeach of the other two eccentrics, wall con-y tacting elements carried by uppermost and low-ermost eccentrics, and a cutter carried. by the central eccentric.

6. In a tool of the character described, a t central longitudinal mandrel, three eccentrics mounted on said mandrel one above the other, the central eccentric being rotatable about the mandrel center relative to the other two, rotation limiting means acting di rectly between the central eccentric and each of the other two eccentrics, wall contacting elements rotatably carried by the upper and lower eccentrics, and an annular cutting lelement rotatably carried by the central eccentric. 1

In witness that we claim the foregoing we have hereunto subscribed our names this 31st day of January 1930, by JOHN'GRANT, and 20th day of February, 1930, by STEWART m L. CAMPBELL.

v STEWART L. CAMPBELL.

JOHN GRANT. 

